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Impact of inclusion of the term -
On the termination of fixed term employment of the workman the workman is not entitled to any notice or pay in lieu thereof. However, by proposed inclusion of the Fixed Term Workman as one of the category of workman in the classification of workman in the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 , the Ministry intends to make such workman on fixed term employment eligible for all statutory benefits available to permanent workman proportionately accordingly to the period of service rendered by him. Even though his period of employment does not extend to the qualifying period of employment required in the statute.
· This step would ultimately benefit the workers as their working conditions would be at par with the regular employees including social security and other benefits. It would, on the one hand provide flexibility to the employers and on the other hand improve the working conditions of the workers already working for some fixed tenure only by way of contracts.
· It would also provide prescribed format of contract for engaging workers on fixed term employment, thereby avoiding any exploitation of such workers. The inclusion in the IE (SO) Act would define formally the conditions of employment on which the workman would be engaged for Fixed Term.
Impact of inclusion of the term -
On the termination of fixed term employment of the workman the workman is not entitled to any notice or pay in lieu thereof. However, by proposed inclusion of the Fixed Term Workman as one of the category of workman in the classification of workman in the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 , the Ministry intends to make such workman on fixed term employment eligible for all statutory benefits available to permanent workman proportionately accordingly to the period of service rendered by him. Even though his period of employment does not extend to the qualifying period of employment required in the statute.
· This step would ultimately benefit the workers as their working conditions would be at par with the regular employees including social security and other benefits. It would, on the one hand provide flexibility to the employers and on the other hand improve the working conditions of the workers already working for some fixed tenure only by way of contracts.
· It would also provide prescribed format of contract for engaging workers on fixed term employment, thereby avoiding any exploitation of such workers. The inclusion in the IE (SO) Act would define formally the conditions of employment on which the workman would be engaged for Fixed Term.
MSCI Index
@UPSC_2018
From UPSC perspective, following things are important:
🔘 Prelims level: What is MSCI index, Who releases it?
🔘 Mains level: How will change in China shares in MSCI index effect India’s interest
Last week, Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), a widely-tracked global index provider, said it would add China’s local currency shares, referred to as China ‘A’ shares, to its benchmark emerging markets index, after three years of having rejected overtures on the same.
🔴 What is MSCI?
It is the world’s biggest index compiler, with more than $10 trillion in assets benchmarked to its products, with emerging markets alone accounting for $2 trillion.
🔴 Why are MSCI indices important?
The indices are closely tracked by global investors. Inclusion in MSCI Inc.’s stock indices opens up investment interest from foreign investors in a particular country and brings a stamp of financial credibility.
🔴 What is mainland China and why haven’t its shares been featured in the MSCI index so far?
It is an area under the direct jurisdiction of China and excludes special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. Chinese mainland markets were not open to foreign investors.
So, foreign investors hitherto had access to non-mainland shares — those that are traded in the markets of Hong Kong and Macau. The non-mainland shares have been part of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
China has been working to ease restrictions on foreign investors, influencing MSCI’s decision now.
🔴 What happens now?
MSCI will add 222 China A shares (shares of large enterprises) starting next year. The stocks, which would represent a weightage of only 0.73% in the benchmark, will be included via a two-phase process in May and August next year.
🔴 How will this affect India?
Most experts see only minimal impact on the Indian market in terms of outflows.
However, MSCI has said it is open to adding more China A shares, provided it opens up its equity market further. If China continues to gain more weightage on the index, more money could well flow out of India.
#KarpathuIAS
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Join @UPSC_2018
@UPSC_2018
From UPSC perspective, following things are important:
🔘 Prelims level: What is MSCI index, Who releases it?
🔘 Mains level: How will change in China shares in MSCI index effect India’s interest
Last week, Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), a widely-tracked global index provider, said it would add China’s local currency shares, referred to as China ‘A’ shares, to its benchmark emerging markets index, after three years of having rejected overtures on the same.
🔴 What is MSCI?
It is the world’s biggest index compiler, with more than $10 trillion in assets benchmarked to its products, with emerging markets alone accounting for $2 trillion.
🔴 Why are MSCI indices important?
The indices are closely tracked by global investors. Inclusion in MSCI Inc.’s stock indices opens up investment interest from foreign investors in a particular country and brings a stamp of financial credibility.
🔴 What is mainland China and why haven’t its shares been featured in the MSCI index so far?
It is an area under the direct jurisdiction of China and excludes special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau. Chinese mainland markets were not open to foreign investors.
So, foreign investors hitherto had access to non-mainland shares — those that are traded in the markets of Hong Kong and Macau. The non-mainland shares have been part of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
China has been working to ease restrictions on foreign investors, influencing MSCI’s decision now.
🔴 What happens now?
MSCI will add 222 China A shares (shares of large enterprises) starting next year. The stocks, which would represent a weightage of only 0.73% in the benchmark, will be included via a two-phase process in May and August next year.
🔴 How will this affect India?
Most experts see only minimal impact on the Indian market in terms of outflows.
However, MSCI has said it is open to adding more China A shares, provided it opens up its equity market further. If China continues to gain more weightage on the index, more money could well flow out of India.
#KarpathuIAS
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Join @UPSC_2018
Join @UPSC_2018
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
What are magnetars?
A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field. The magnetic field decay powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
What are magnetars?
A magnetar is a type of neutron star with an extremely powerful magnetic field. The magnetic field decay powers the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays and gamma rays.
Happy learning and happy sharing.
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Karpathu IAS Academy
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Useful and Important Tips for Government Exam
Karpathu IAS is your one-stop Tamil platform for TNPSC preparation – Group 1, Group 2, Group 4, VAO & General Tamil (பொதுத்தமிழ்).
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Useful and Important Tips for Government Exam
Karpathu IAS is your one-stop Tamil platform for TNPSC preparation – Group 1, Group 2, Group 4, VAO & General Tamil (பொதுத்தமிழ்).
📚 We provide:
✔️ Daily Model Tests
✔️ Previous Year Question…
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How was the Battle of Plassey fought?
At daybreak on 23rd June 1757, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army marched out of the Plassey encampment and took up battle positions in a rough quarter circle around the English army. They were supported by a small army of French soldiers.
The French troops with 4 cannon occupied the mound around the larger tank, about half a mile from the English army. Between the larger tank nd the river were 2 heavy guns manned by Indian gunners. Behind these guns stood Mir Madan Khan, described as Siraj-ud-Daulah’s sole faithful commander, with 5,000 cavalry and 7,000 foot soldiers, all described as the pick of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army.
The rest of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army formed in a crescent facing the river, from the jungle covered hillock round to a point behind the mango grove. The commanders were, from the hillock, Raja Durlabh Ram, Yar Lutf Khan, and, on the left, Mir Jafar Khan, the principal traitor. The numbers in this crescent line were 45,000 infantry and cavalry with numerous guns.
Clive’s force was effectively surrounded and pinned against the river. His survival and success depended upon the treachery of Mir Jafar Khan and the other Indian commanders.
Clive watched the deployment of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s troops from the roof of the Plassey hunting lodge. As Mir Jafar Khan’s troops extended around the mango grove, outflanking his troops and finally threatening their rear, Clive must have wondered what would happen if the traitors betrayed him instead of their Nawab.
Both armies were in place by 8am. The French, under St Frais, fired the first gun, which acted as a signal for the opening of a heavy bombardment all along the line of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army. The Indian line was enveloped in a cloud of powder smoke. The English guns returned the fire and inflicted considerable damage on Siraj-ud-Daulah’s troops.
Clive could not afford even the few casualties caused by the French and Indian gunfire. At the end of half an hour and with 30 casualties Clive pulled his line back behind the mound along the perimeter of the mango grove. The troops and guns posted in the brick kiln and the men in the hunting lodge remained in position.
Encouraged by the English withdrawal, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s guns moved nearer and continued their fire.
Clive’s men were now in cover. They dug in the mango grove mound for their guns to fire through, while Siraj-ud-Daulah’s cannon caused havoc only among the mango trees, firing over the heads of the English soldiers concealed behind the mound.
Clive’s guns resumed their fire with considerable effect, killing Indian gunners and causing supplies of their ammunition to explode, generating panic among the draft animals and clouds of powder smoke.
The battle was evenly pitched. Then even nature betrayed Siraj.
A heavy rainstorm came on, continuing for an hour. The English troops were used to campaigning in a country where the monsoon had such an impact. They produced tarpaulins and covered the artillery ammunition to keep it dry.
Siraj-ud-Daulah’s artillery did not have tarpaulins and much of their powder was ruined by the rain and rendered unusable. Their fire fell away.
Mir Madan Khan, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s one reliable commander, commanding on the right wing by the river, assumed that the English artillery must have suffered the same catastrophe as his own and launched an attack with his cavalry. They were met with a devastating discharge of gunfire at short range, which decimated and repelled the charging cavalry and mortally wounded Mir Madan Khan. The dying brave commander was brought to Siraj-ud-Daulah.
This was the crisis of the battle. While Mir Madan Khan lived and commanded in the key part of the battlefield, it was possible for Siraj-ud-Daulah to win the battle. Without that capable and faithful commander he was at the mercy of the other three commanders, all disloyal.
Siraj-ud-Daulah sent for Mir Jafar Khan, threw his turban on the ground and begged Mir Jafar to protect him.
Mir Jafar promised to defend him to the utmost, the
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How was the Battle of Plassey fought?
At daybreak on 23rd June 1757, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army marched out of the Plassey encampment and took up battle positions in a rough quarter circle around the English army. They were supported by a small army of French soldiers.
The French troops with 4 cannon occupied the mound around the larger tank, about half a mile from the English army. Between the larger tank nd the river were 2 heavy guns manned by Indian gunners. Behind these guns stood Mir Madan Khan, described as Siraj-ud-Daulah’s sole faithful commander, with 5,000 cavalry and 7,000 foot soldiers, all described as the pick of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army.
The rest of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army formed in a crescent facing the river, from the jungle covered hillock round to a point behind the mango grove. The commanders were, from the hillock, Raja Durlabh Ram, Yar Lutf Khan, and, on the left, Mir Jafar Khan, the principal traitor. The numbers in this crescent line were 45,000 infantry and cavalry with numerous guns.
Clive’s force was effectively surrounded and pinned against the river. His survival and success depended upon the treachery of Mir Jafar Khan and the other Indian commanders.
Clive watched the deployment of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s troops from the roof of the Plassey hunting lodge. As Mir Jafar Khan’s troops extended around the mango grove, outflanking his troops and finally threatening their rear, Clive must have wondered what would happen if the traitors betrayed him instead of their Nawab.
Both armies were in place by 8am. The French, under St Frais, fired the first gun, which acted as a signal for the opening of a heavy bombardment all along the line of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army. The Indian line was enveloped in a cloud of powder smoke. The English guns returned the fire and inflicted considerable damage on Siraj-ud-Daulah’s troops.
Clive could not afford even the few casualties caused by the French and Indian gunfire. At the end of half an hour and with 30 casualties Clive pulled his line back behind the mound along the perimeter of the mango grove. The troops and guns posted in the brick kiln and the men in the hunting lodge remained in position.
Encouraged by the English withdrawal, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s guns moved nearer and continued their fire.
Clive’s men were now in cover. They dug in the mango grove mound for their guns to fire through, while Siraj-ud-Daulah’s cannon caused havoc only among the mango trees, firing over the heads of the English soldiers concealed behind the mound.
Clive’s guns resumed their fire with considerable effect, killing Indian gunners and causing supplies of their ammunition to explode, generating panic among the draft animals and clouds of powder smoke.
The battle was evenly pitched. Then even nature betrayed Siraj.
A heavy rainstorm came on, continuing for an hour. The English troops were used to campaigning in a country where the monsoon had such an impact. They produced tarpaulins and covered the artillery ammunition to keep it dry.
Siraj-ud-Daulah’s artillery did not have tarpaulins and much of their powder was ruined by the rain and rendered unusable. Their fire fell away.
Mir Madan Khan, Siraj-ud-Daulah’s one reliable commander, commanding on the right wing by the river, assumed that the English artillery must have suffered the same catastrophe as his own and launched an attack with his cavalry. They were met with a devastating discharge of gunfire at short range, which decimated and repelled the charging cavalry and mortally wounded Mir Madan Khan. The dying brave commander was brought to Siraj-ud-Daulah.
This was the crisis of the battle. While Mir Madan Khan lived and commanded in the key part of the battlefield, it was possible for Siraj-ud-Daulah to win the battle. Without that capable and faithful commander he was at the mercy of the other three commanders, all disloyal.
Siraj-ud-Daulah sent for Mir Jafar Khan, threw his turban on the ground and begged Mir Jafar to protect him.
Mir Jafar promised to defend him to the utmost, the
n rode back to his wing of the army and
sent a letter to Clive informing him of the death of Mir Madan Khan and urging him to attack without delay. This letter did not reach Clive during the battle.
Siraj-ud-Daulah then spoke to his other two commanders. Raja Durlabh Ram, who was with Jaffar, urged Siraj-ud-Daulah to order his army to return to the camp and leave the camp himself. Siraj-ud-Daulah adopted this advice and left on a camel for his capital, Murshidabad, with an escort of 2,000 horsemen.
The three treacherous generals began the withdrawal to the camp, the artillery leading the column. They were constrained in their treachery in that theirs was a personal contract with the English, while the rest of the army was generally still faithful to their Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daulah.
When Mir Jafar Khan reached the point opposite the western end of the mango grove, his troops left the column and wheeled towards the English positions. Mir Jafar Khan’s intentions were still unclear and Clive was uncertain whether the troops approaching his line were Mir Jafar’s. A small English detachment with a field gun was given the task of halting this approach, which it did.
It soon became clear to Clive that the substantial Indian force, motionless but in a position that appeared to threaten his right flank, must be the troops of Mir Jafar Khan. Free from anxiety of an assault by this force, Clive launched successful attacks on the hill were the French troops were stationed.
From then on, resistance by Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army ebbed away and, by 5pm the English were in possession of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s camp and the battle was over.
For a battle which changed the course of Indian history, the casualties were very not many. Clive’s army suffered casualties of 23 dead and 49 wounded. The casualties of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army were around 500 dead and many wounded.
The Battle of Plassey set the course for the establishment of the British Empire in India and the Far East.
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Join @UPSC_2018
sent a letter to Clive informing him of the death of Mir Madan Khan and urging him to attack without delay. This letter did not reach Clive during the battle.
Siraj-ud-Daulah then spoke to his other two commanders. Raja Durlabh Ram, who was with Jaffar, urged Siraj-ud-Daulah to order his army to return to the camp and leave the camp himself. Siraj-ud-Daulah adopted this advice and left on a camel for his capital, Murshidabad, with an escort of 2,000 horsemen.
The three treacherous generals began the withdrawal to the camp, the artillery leading the column. They were constrained in their treachery in that theirs was a personal contract with the English, while the rest of the army was generally still faithful to their Nawab, Siraj-ud-Daulah.
When Mir Jafar Khan reached the point opposite the western end of the mango grove, his troops left the column and wheeled towards the English positions. Mir Jafar Khan’s intentions were still unclear and Clive was uncertain whether the troops approaching his line were Mir Jafar’s. A small English detachment with a field gun was given the task of halting this approach, which it did.
It soon became clear to Clive that the substantial Indian force, motionless but in a position that appeared to threaten his right flank, must be the troops of Mir Jafar Khan. Free from anxiety of an assault by this force, Clive launched successful attacks on the hill were the French troops were stationed.
From then on, resistance by Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army ebbed away and, by 5pm the English were in possession of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s camp and the battle was over.
For a battle which changed the course of Indian history, the casualties were very not many. Clive’s army suffered casualties of 23 dead and 49 wounded. The casualties of Siraj-ud-Daulah’s army were around 500 dead and many wounded.
The Battle of Plassey set the course for the establishment of the British Empire in India and the Far East.
#KarpathuIAS
Join @UPSC_2018
#KarpathuIAS
Join @UPSC_2018
What is Carbon Sequestration ?
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change. It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels.
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Join @UPSC_2018
What is Carbon Sequestration ?
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change. It has been proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels.
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#KarpathuIAS
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Join @UPSC_2018
Why did Hitler choose Compiegne for the French surrender?
When Adolf Hitler received word from the French government that they wished to negotiate surrender (armistice), Hitler selected Compiègne Forest as the site for the negotiations. Hitler, waiting for the French delegation at Compiegne - a place about fifty miles northeast of Paris - had a special plan in place for a special railway car. The arriving Frenchmen, set to surrender their country to Nazi control on the 22nd of June, in 1940, recognized the railway carriage and instantly realized Hitler’s objectives.
This was the supreme moment of Hitler’s revenge. This was the reason why a disenchanted ordinary German soldier in World War I took command of his destiny, changed the fate of Germany, and then launched World War II.
It all comes down to a railway carriage.
Hitler would make France surrender in the very train car, at the very place, where Germany had surrendered to France at the end of World War I.
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed during the First World War between the Allies and Germany – also known as the Armistice of Compiègne after the location in which it was signed – and the agreement ended the fighting on the Western Front. It went into effect at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 ("the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"), and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany.
The German generals who had come to sign the armistice were made to believe that the terms of surrender will be negotiated (US President Woodrow Wilson did not want harsh terms imposed on Germany). However, Britain and France were determined to make an example out of Germany, and to pin the entire responsibility of First World War on Germany.
The terms of the armistice were largely written by French Marshal and Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies Ferdinand Foch. In fact, it was he who ensured that the German generals felt humiliated enough.
The armistice was signed in a carriage of Foch's private train, CIWL #2419 (Compiègne Wagon).
To prove his superiority, Foch appeared only twice in the three days of negotiations: on the first day, to ask the German delegation what they wanted, and on the last day, to see to the signatures.
There was no question of negotiation. The Germans were able to correct a few impossible demands (for example, the decommissioning of more submarines than their fleet possessed), extended the schedule for the withdrawal and registered their formal protest at the harshness of Allied terms. But they were in no position to refuse to sign.
So the Generals signed on the harsh conditions and accepted the armistice. The humiliation of Germany was complete. While the rest of the world, including many Germans, decided to move on, Adolf Hitler – then an ordinary soldier recovering from an injury - would prove in 1940 that he neither forgot the incident, nor forgave France for it.
Meanwhile, France went a step ahead and decided to make a monument out of the Compiegne railways carriage.
They made a museum around the carriage, and filled it with symbols of German defeat. They built a statue of Foch overseeing the museum.
There it remained, a monument to the defeat of Germany, until 22 June 1940, when swastika-bedecked German staff cars bearing Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop and others swept into the museum.
In the centre of the museum was a great granite block which stood some three feet above the ground. Hitler stepped up, and read the inscription engraved in great high letters on that block. It said: "HERE ON THE ELEVENTH OF NOVEMBER 1918 SUCCUMBED THE CRIMINAL PRIDE OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE... VANQUISHED BY THE FREE PEOPLES WHICH IT TRIED TO ENSLAVE."
Hitler got the carriage extracted from the museum and got it placed at the exact same place as it was during the signing of the 1918 armistice. It was now time to invite the French generals.
Hitler choreographed every move to match that of France in 1918. He sat
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Join @UPSC_2018
Why did Hitler choose Compiegne for the French surrender?
When Adolf Hitler received word from the French government that they wished to negotiate surrender (armistice), Hitler selected Compiègne Forest as the site for the negotiations. Hitler, waiting for the French delegation at Compiegne - a place about fifty miles northeast of Paris - had a special plan in place for a special railway car. The arriving Frenchmen, set to surrender their country to Nazi control on the 22nd of June, in 1940, recognized the railway carriage and instantly realized Hitler’s objectives.
This was the supreme moment of Hitler’s revenge. This was the reason why a disenchanted ordinary German soldier in World War I took command of his destiny, changed the fate of Germany, and then launched World War II.
It all comes down to a railway carriage.
Hitler would make France surrender in the very train car, at the very place, where Germany had surrendered to France at the end of World War I.
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed during the First World War between the Allies and Germany – also known as the Armistice of Compiègne after the location in which it was signed – and the agreement ended the fighting on the Western Front. It went into effect at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918 ("the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"), and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany.
The German generals who had come to sign the armistice were made to believe that the terms of surrender will be negotiated (US President Woodrow Wilson did not want harsh terms imposed on Germany). However, Britain and France were determined to make an example out of Germany, and to pin the entire responsibility of First World War on Germany.
The terms of the armistice were largely written by French Marshal and Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies Ferdinand Foch. In fact, it was he who ensured that the German generals felt humiliated enough.
The armistice was signed in a carriage of Foch's private train, CIWL #2419 (Compiègne Wagon).
To prove his superiority, Foch appeared only twice in the three days of negotiations: on the first day, to ask the German delegation what they wanted, and on the last day, to see to the signatures.
There was no question of negotiation. The Germans were able to correct a few impossible demands (for example, the decommissioning of more submarines than their fleet possessed), extended the schedule for the withdrawal and registered their formal protest at the harshness of Allied terms. But they were in no position to refuse to sign.
So the Generals signed on the harsh conditions and accepted the armistice. The humiliation of Germany was complete. While the rest of the world, including many Germans, decided to move on, Adolf Hitler – then an ordinary soldier recovering from an injury - would prove in 1940 that he neither forgot the incident, nor forgave France for it.
Meanwhile, France went a step ahead and decided to make a monument out of the Compiegne railways carriage.
They made a museum around the carriage, and filled it with symbols of German defeat. They built a statue of Foch overseeing the museum.
There it remained, a monument to the defeat of Germany, until 22 June 1940, when swastika-bedecked German staff cars bearing Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop and others swept into the museum.
In the centre of the museum was a great granite block which stood some three feet above the ground. Hitler stepped up, and read the inscription engraved in great high letters on that block. It said: "HERE ON THE ELEVENTH OF NOVEMBER 1918 SUCCUMBED THE CRIMINAL PRIDE OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE... VANQUISHED BY THE FREE PEOPLES WHICH IT TRIED TO ENSLAVE."
Hitler got the carriage extracted from the museum and got it placed at the exact same place as it was during the signing of the 1918 armistice. It was now time to invite the French generals.
Hitler choreographed every move to match that of France in 1918. He sat
on the same chair where Foch sat 21 years ago, and let his Generals do most of the talking.
The humiliation of France was complete. More importantly, the revenge of Adolf Hitler was complete.
#KarpathuIAS
Join @UPSC_2018
The humiliation of France was complete. More importantly, the revenge of Adolf Hitler was complete.
#KarpathuIAS
Join @UPSC_2018
#KarpathuIAS
UPSC Main Exams 2017
* Domestic Violence laws dowry Prohibition act 1961
* Section 498a of IPC
* Domestic violence act
* Rashtriya swastha yojna
* Red line camping
* An amendment to prevention corruption act 1988
* Model code of conduct sec. 8
* ASWIN, Scramjet
* LOHAFEX
* Carbon dioxide sequestration for global warming mitigation
* Bioglass, Asian waterbird census
* Shanghai deer
* Moneyball certification
* UJALA SCHEME
* Census town
* ca hab har port
* Responsibility to Protect
* Social progress index
* National intellectual property right policy
* National investment & infrastructure fund
* 15 year document vision
* Hybrid immunity model
* Google tax
* Bharatvani portal June 2016:-parliamentary secretary
* National education policy
* Civil aviation policy
* swadeshi darshan scheme
* Vidya Anjali scheme
* Brasilia declaration
* Swatch yog camping
* Treaty of pledwa
* Shangri-la dialogue
* MTCR
* Brixit
* Scheme for sustainable development
* P2P lending, World investment report
* Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture
* National mineral exploration policy
* krashi Kalyan cess
* funds of funds startup
* Surya Mitra, national solar mission
* Women genome project WRITE
* Polymetallic nodules
* Industrial internet
* LISA
* dark sky reserve
* N.disater M Plan
* Urban heat island July :- inter state council, NHRC
* asci (ads)
* Power to pardon
* National election clarification report
* UPI
* Gross happiness report
* network readiness index
* 2nd gen methanol
* foreign currency non-resident account
* word trade outlook
* Cauvery
* act acts in Kerala
* south china issue
* unc law on sea
* Indus treaty
* operation sank at machan
* Inspire Awards MANAK
* Project loon
* Kuiper belt
* New horizon
* Juno
* yaws disease
* oil degrading bacteria
* green corridor project
* Luca
* Kendrapada Sheep ................ August 2016 :- Supreme court judgement on star campaigner expenditure
* state of indian judiciary report by DAKSH
* Electoral reforms totallizer machine etc
* expansion of section 126 RPA 1951
* Reservations based on economic criterion
* demand for special category status by Andhra Pradesh
* Direct Mayoral elections,
* Bills Commercial Surrogacy and altruistic surrogates
* Maternal healthcare Bills
* Domestic systematically important banks
* Sagarmala port layer development programme
* Mihir shah report 21st century institutional architecture for india's water reform
* Electroprenuer park incubation of start ups
* TARANG
* DEEP
* Navik india's indegenious global navigating system
* Habitat commitment index
* September 2016:- Kaveri water issue
* National ganga council
* 1st eastern coast economic corridor
* Index of economic freedom
* global competitive index
* world logistics performance index
* Project SAKSHAM
* HEFA quality infrastructure in premier institutions
* Marakesh treaty ratified
* Mission parivar vikas
* NIDHI
* National cyber coordination centres
* GM mustard
* Prakampana joint disaster management excercise
* prabal dostik
* October 2016:- Krishna water dispute
* ek bharat shresth bharat
* North eastern councils andact 1972
Join @UPSC_2018
UPSC Main Exams 2017
* Domestic Violence laws dowry Prohibition act 1961
* Section 498a of IPC
* Domestic violence act
* Rashtriya swastha yojna
* Red line camping
* An amendment to prevention corruption act 1988
* Model code of conduct sec. 8
* ASWIN, Scramjet
* LOHAFEX
* Carbon dioxide sequestration for global warming mitigation
* Bioglass, Asian waterbird census
* Shanghai deer
* Moneyball certification
* UJALA SCHEME
* Census town
* ca hab har port
* Responsibility to Protect
* Social progress index
* National intellectual property right policy
* National investment & infrastructure fund
* 15 year document vision
* Hybrid immunity model
* Google tax
* Bharatvani portal June 2016:-parliamentary secretary
* National education policy
* Civil aviation policy
* swadeshi darshan scheme
* Vidya Anjali scheme
* Brasilia declaration
* Swatch yog camping
* Treaty of pledwa
* Shangri-la dialogue
* MTCR
* Brixit
* Scheme for sustainable development
* P2P lending, World investment report
* Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture
* National mineral exploration policy
* krashi Kalyan cess
* funds of funds startup
* Surya Mitra, national solar mission
* Women genome project WRITE
* Polymetallic nodules
* Industrial internet
* LISA
* dark sky reserve
* N.disater M Plan
* Urban heat island July :- inter state council, NHRC
* asci (ads)
* Power to pardon
* National election clarification report
* UPI
* Gross happiness report
* network readiness index
* 2nd gen methanol
* foreign currency non-resident account
* word trade outlook
* Cauvery
* act acts in Kerala
* south china issue
* unc law on sea
* Indus treaty
* operation sank at machan
* Inspire Awards MANAK
* Project loon
* Kuiper belt
* New horizon
* Juno
* yaws disease
* oil degrading bacteria
* green corridor project
* Luca
* Kendrapada Sheep ................ August 2016 :- Supreme court judgement on star campaigner expenditure
* state of indian judiciary report by DAKSH
* Electoral reforms totallizer machine etc
* expansion of section 126 RPA 1951
* Reservations based on economic criterion
* demand for special category status by Andhra Pradesh
* Direct Mayoral elections,
* Bills Commercial Surrogacy and altruistic surrogates
* Maternal healthcare Bills
* Domestic systematically important banks
* Sagarmala port layer development programme
* Mihir shah report 21st century institutional architecture for india's water reform
* Electroprenuer park incubation of start ups
* TARANG
* DEEP
* Navik india's indegenious global navigating system
* Habitat commitment index
* September 2016:- Kaveri water issue
* National ganga council
* 1st eastern coast economic corridor
* Index of economic freedom
* global competitive index
* world logistics performance index
* Project SAKSHAM
* HEFA quality infrastructure in premier institutions
* Marakesh treaty ratified
* Mission parivar vikas
* NIDHI
* National cyber coordination centres
* GM mustard
* Prakampana joint disaster management excercise
* prabal dostik
* October 2016:- Krishna water dispute
* ek bharat shresth bharat
* North eastern councils andact 1972
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In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a separate category, who are less developed among the tribal groups. In 2006, the Government of India renamed the PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
Basic characteristics of PVTGs:
Mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.
In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created Primitive Tribal Groups (PTGs) as a separate category, who are less developed among the tribal groups. In 2006, the Government of India renamed the PTGs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
Basic characteristics of PVTGs:
Mostly homogenous, with a small population, relatively physically isolated, social institutes cast in a simple mould, absence of written language, relatively simple technology and a slower rate of change etc.
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The most spectacular drop was witnessed in the most suicide-prone Yavatmal district, which had recorded its highest suicide count of 386 in 2015.
The district witnessed 276 suicides in 2016, a drop of 110 from 2015.
Yavatmal and Osmanabad were the two districts where the government had launched special programme called Baliraja Chetana Abhiyaan in which hundreds of different programmes and schemes were implemented.
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The most spectacular drop was witnessed in the most suicide-prone Yavatmal district, which had recorded its highest suicide count of 386 in 2015.
The district witnessed 276 suicides in 2016, a drop of 110 from 2015.
Yavatmal and Osmanabad were the two districts where the government had launched special programme called Baliraja Chetana Abhiyaan in which hundreds of different programmes and schemes were implemented.
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Compulsory language paper 2:
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🔉 Grammar Lesson 🔉
⚜ SHALL ⚜
Since this topic has caused a lot of confusion, I'll explain this one now.
'Shall' is not very frequently used in modern English; However, you still see people using 'Shall' here and there. In modern English, it is used to make an offer, to make sure something must definitely happen, or to ask for advice.
🔔 Example 🔔
➖When shall we meet?
➕Shall we dance?
➖Shall I read the book?
➕You shall not pass!
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
🔴 Older Usage 🔴
In older grammar, the correct way to use 'shall' was with first person pronouns (I and We), whereas 'will' was used with second and third person pronouns (you; he, she, it, they).
🔔 Example 🔔
➖I shall bring the kids.
➕We shall be in Japan.
➖You will go there.
➕They will have a good time.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
🔺 Request 🔺
If you are to make a request, 'will' is used.
🔔 Example 🔔
🔵 Correct 🔵
➖Will you stop using the pen?
➕Buy me some sugar, will you?
🔴 Wrong 🔴
✖️Shall you stop yelling?
✖️Bring me tea, shall you?
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
❌ Negative Forms ❌
Will ➰ Will Not ➰ Won't
Shall ➰ Shall Not ➰ Shan't.
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🔉 Grammar Lesson 🔉
⚜ SHALL ⚜
Since this topic has caused a lot of confusion, I'll explain this one now.
'Shall' is not very frequently used in modern English; However, you still see people using 'Shall' here and there. In modern English, it is used to make an offer, to make sure something must definitely happen, or to ask for advice.
🔔 Example 🔔
➖When shall we meet?
➕Shall we dance?
➖Shall I read the book?
➕You shall not pass!
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
🔴 Older Usage 🔴
In older grammar, the correct way to use 'shall' was with first person pronouns (I and We), whereas 'will' was used with second and third person pronouns (you; he, she, it, they).
🔔 Example 🔔
➖I shall bring the kids.
➕We shall be in Japan.
➖You will go there.
➕They will have a good time.
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
🔺 Request 🔺
If you are to make a request, 'will' is used.
🔔 Example 🔔
🔵 Correct 🔵
➖Will you stop using the pen?
➕Buy me some sugar, will you?
🔴 Wrong 🔴
✖️Shall you stop yelling?
✖️Bring me tea, shall you?
〰〰〰〰〰〰〰〰
❌ Negative Forms ❌
Will ➰ Will Not ➰ Won't
Shall ➰ Shall Not ➰ Shan't.
Compulsory language paper Tamil
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வல்லினம் மிகும் இடங்களும் மிகா இடங்களும்
தமிழில் சொற்களையும் சொற்றொடர்களையும் எழுதும் பொழுது கருத்திற் கொள்ள வேண்டுவன பற்றிச் சிறிது காண்போம்.எழுதும் பொழுது, சில இடங்களில் வல்லெழுத்துகள் (க், ச், த், ப்) மிக்கு வரும் ; சில இடங்களில் மிகாமல் வரும். மிக்கு வர வேண்டிய இடங்களில் அவற்றை எழுதாமலும், மிகாஇடங்களில் அவற்றை எழுதியும் விடுவதால் பிழை தோன்றும் ; மொழி மரபும் சிதையும்.
எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, யானைத் தந்தத்தால் செய்த பொம்மையைக் குறிப்பிடும் பொழுது தந்தப்பொம்மை என்று வல்லினம் மிக்கு எழுத வேண்டும். அவ்வாறு எழுதாமல் தந்தபொம்மை (வல்லினம் மிகாமல்) என்று எழுதினால், ‘யாரோ ஒருவர் தந்த பொம்மை’ என்று பொருள் மாற்றம் ஏற்பட்டு விடும்.
இது போன்ற பிழை ஏற்படாமல் எழுதிட, வல்லினம் மிகும் இடங்கள், வல்லினம் மிகா இடங்கள் பற்றிய இலக்கண மரபு மாணாக்கருக்குத் தெரிந்திருந்தல் வேண்டும்.
அவை பற்றி, பின்வருமுறையில் சில எடுத்துக்காட்டுகளுடன் அறிந்து கொள்க.
வல்லின எழுத்துகள் மிகும் இடங்கள்
1. அந்த, இந்த - முதலான சுட்டுத் திரிபுகளுக்குப் பின் வரும் வல்லினம் மிகும்.
அந்த + பையன் = அந்தப்பையன்
இந்த + பெட்டி = இந்தப்பெட்டி
2. அத்துணை, இத்துணை, எத்துணை என்னுஞ் சொற்களுக்குப் பின்வரும் வல்லினம் மிகும்.
அத்துணை + புகழ் = அத்துணைப் புகழ்
இத்துணை + செழுமை = இத்துணைச் செழுமை
எத்துணை + கொடுமை = எத்துணைக்கொடுமை.
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வல்லினம் மிகும் இடங்களும் மிகா இடங்களும்
தமிழில் சொற்களையும் சொற்றொடர்களையும் எழுதும் பொழுது கருத்திற் கொள்ள வேண்டுவன பற்றிச் சிறிது காண்போம்.எழுதும் பொழுது, சில இடங்களில் வல்லெழுத்துகள் (க், ச், த், ப்) மிக்கு வரும் ; சில இடங்களில் மிகாமல் வரும். மிக்கு வர வேண்டிய இடங்களில் அவற்றை எழுதாமலும், மிகாஇடங்களில் அவற்றை எழுதியும் விடுவதால் பிழை தோன்றும் ; மொழி மரபும் சிதையும்.
எடுத்துக்காட்டாக, யானைத் தந்தத்தால் செய்த பொம்மையைக் குறிப்பிடும் பொழுது தந்தப்பொம்மை என்று வல்லினம் மிக்கு எழுத வேண்டும். அவ்வாறு எழுதாமல் தந்தபொம்மை (வல்லினம் மிகாமல்) என்று எழுதினால், ‘யாரோ ஒருவர் தந்த பொம்மை’ என்று பொருள் மாற்றம் ஏற்பட்டு விடும்.
இது போன்ற பிழை ஏற்படாமல் எழுதிட, வல்லினம் மிகும் இடங்கள், வல்லினம் மிகா இடங்கள் பற்றிய இலக்கண மரபு மாணாக்கருக்குத் தெரிந்திருந்தல் வேண்டும்.
அவை பற்றி, பின்வருமுறையில் சில எடுத்துக்காட்டுகளுடன் அறிந்து கொள்க.
வல்லின எழுத்துகள் மிகும் இடங்கள்
1. அந்த, இந்த - முதலான சுட்டுத் திரிபுகளுக்குப் பின் வரும் வல்லினம் மிகும்.
அந்த + பையன் = அந்தப்பையன்
இந்த + பெட்டி = இந்தப்பெட்டி
2. அத்துணை, இத்துணை, எத்துணை என்னுஞ் சொற்களுக்குப் பின்வரும் வல்லினம் மிகும்.
அத்துணை + புகழ் = அத்துணைப் புகழ்
இத்துணை + செழுமை = இத்துணைச் செழுமை
எத்துணை + கொடுமை = எத்துணைக்கொடுமை.
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What is Hypothalamus ?
Hypothalamus: a part of the brain that controls things like thirst, hunger, body temperature, and the release of many hormones.
A chemical message released in the body by cells and glands that affects other cells in an organism.
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What is Hypothalamus ?
Hypothalamus: a part of the brain that controls things like thirst, hunger, body temperature, and the release of many hormones.
A chemical message released in the body by cells and glands that affects other cells in an organism.
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
💘 Shakespearean English : Thou , Thee , Thy , Thine , Ye 💘
🖌Thou (you) When "you" is the subject of a sentence
🖌Thee (you) Whe "you" is the object of a sentence
🖌Thy (your) Prossessive form of you
🖌Thine (your) Prossessive form of you. commenly used before a noun
that starts with a vowel or a vowel sound.
🖌Ye (you) Plural form of "you" when addressing a group of people.
__________________________________________________________________________
🔆 Examples🔆 :
🔸1- O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?
"oh Romeo what is the purpose of you being"
🔹2- Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
"Refuse your father and refuse your name"
▪️3-If thine enemy wrong thee, buy each of his children a drum.
"If your enemy wrongs you, buy each of his children a drum."
▫️4-Seek and ye shall find 🔶 join @UPSC_2018🔶
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
💘 Shakespearean English : Thou , Thee , Thy , Thine , Ye 💘
🖌Thou (you) When "you" is the subject of a sentence
🖌Thee (you) Whe "you" is the object of a sentence
🖌Thy (your) Prossessive form of you
🖌Thine (your) Prossessive form of you. commenly used before a noun
that starts with a vowel or a vowel sound.
🖌Ye (you) Plural form of "you" when addressing a group of people.
__________________________________________________________________________
🔆 Examples🔆 :
🔸1- O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?
"oh Romeo what is the purpose of you being"
🔹2- Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
"Refuse your father and refuse your name"
▪️3-If thine enemy wrong thee, buy each of his children a drum.
"If your enemy wrongs you, buy each of his children a drum."
▫️4-Seek and ye shall find 🔶 join @UPSC_2018🔶