https://www.youtube.com/live/KUbl0VbGUv4?si=9fyENAMx6dE90ARr

Tomorrow live at 8pm
So much to learn from Jaswanth Chandra UPSC journey.

Don’t forget that it takes strong will and effort to bring such toppers to live sessions. Many of my ranker friends who have appeared in these sessions are undergoing hectic training, Even Jaswant Chandra is undergoing IPS training at NPA, yet they always make time to attend my live sessions for the benefit of the student community.
So please try to take these live sessions seriously and learn from the lives of toppers. It will be very beneficial for all of you.

With reference to Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), consider the following statements:

1) ETFs are traded on stock exchanges like shares.
2) ETFs are actively managed funds aiming to outperform the market.
3) ETFs generally have lower expense ratios than mutual funds.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Types of Voting

In-person voting – Voters go to polling booth and vote using EVM
Example: General elections in India

Postal ballot – Vote sent through post
Example: Army personnel, election duty staff

Home voting – Officials visit home for voting
Example: 85+ senior citizens & PwD (as in recent EC initiative)

Proxy voting – Another person votes on your behalf
Example: Service voters in armed forces.

E-voting – Voting through internet/digital system
Example: Used in some countries/organizations

Chala Mandi Rankers tho English lo discussion chesam
E sari Ranker Jaswanth Chandra tho Telugu lo matladukundam.

https://www.youtube.com/live/KUbl0VbGUv4?si=9fyENAMx6dE90ARr

Join quickly

I hope the session was useful
Thank you

Derivative Contracts

Derivative contracts are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset such as stocks, commodities, currencies, or interest rates. These contracts represent an agreement between two parties to buy or sell the asset at a predetermined price on a future date.

Key Features

Derived Value – Value depends on the price of the underlying asset

Contractual Agreement – Involves two or more parties

Future Settlement – Executed at a future date or based on price movement

Leverage – Small investment can control large exposure

Risk Transfer – Helps shift risk from one party to another

Types of Derivatives

✔️Futures – Standardized contracts traded on exchanges
✔️Options – Provide right but not obligation to buy/sell
✔️Forwards – Customized agreements traded over-the-counter (OTC)
✔️Swaps – Exchange of financial obligations (e.g., interest rates)

Uses

✔️Hedging – Protect against price fluctuations (e.g., farmers, exporters)
✔️Speculation – Earn profits from price changes
✔️Arbitrage – Take advantage of price differences in markets

Example

✔️A farmer enters a contract to sell wheat at a fixed price after 3 months.
✔️If market price falls → farmer is protected
✔️If price rises → buyer benefits

Q1. Which authority regulates currency derivative contracts in India?

(a) SEBI
(b) RBI
(c) Both RBI and SEBI
(d) Ministry of Finance

Q3. A Indian exporter expecting dollar receipts after 3 months fears rupee appreciation. Which instrument best hedges this risk?

(a) Buy a USD Call option
(b) Sell a USD Forward contract
(c) Buy a USD Future
(d) Enter an interest rate swap

Little difficult but if you know the concept it becomes easy

Journey

It is journey that lightens the heaviness of the heart
It is journey that holds back the welling tears
It is journey that soothes the weary body
It is journey that shows man a reason to hope
It is journey that makes loneliness disappear
It is journey that changes the way we think
It is journey that makes us think deeper
Tomorrow's light is a journey
Life itself is a journey

GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council)
Established: 1981
HQ: Riyadh
Members (6): Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain
Aim: Economic, political & security cooperation
Key Points:
Customs Union (2003)
Common Market (2008)
Proposed common currency
Peninsula Shield Force (military)

For India: Energy security + diaspora + remittances

Request closed thank you

Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 – Brief

✔️Decriminalizes minor offences by removing imprisonment
✔️Introduces monetary penalties instead of jail terms
✔️Amends 40+ Central laws
✔️Promotes ease of doing business
✔️Allows compounding of offences
✔️Sets up adjudicating officers for faster resolution
✔️Encourages trust-based governance


Concern: May weaken deterrence in some sectors (e.g., environment).

Hi,
My name is Laxmi Rachana. I've secured all India rank 178 in UPSC CSE 2025.
My optional is anthropology.

I had started preparing towards the end of 2023. At that time I was still working and by the end of the year I resigned from my job to prepare full time.

2023 I cleared prelims and mains. I missed the final list by a few marks.

2024 I cleared prelims but could not clear mains.

In 2025 I worked upon my weak areas and changed certain aspects of my strategy. This had helped me increase my mains score.

Soon I will be coming live on YouTube with my friend Rajinikanth to tell more about my UPSC journey.

A small note from my dear friend Laxmi Rachana for our Channel members.

https://www.instagram.com/laxmi.rachana_?igsh=dWFldG02cmt2djEz

You can follow her on Official Insta Id