UPSC_2018
If anyone is interested in doing an MA from open University http://www.ignou.ac.in/ is accepting applications till 15 of this month.. please check the site for further details.. to fresher's pursue an MA in your respective optional it helps in Long run.. thank you.
If anyone is interested in doing an MA from open University http://www.ignou.ac.in/ is accepting applications till 15 of this month.. please check the site for further details.. to fresher's pursue an MA in your respective optional it helps in Long run.. thank you.
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Gandhiji's seven sins:
Wealth without work.
Pleasure without conscience.
Knowledge without character.
Commerce without morality.
Science without humanity.
Religion without sacrifice.
Politics without principle.
Gandhiji's seven sins:
Wealth without work.
Pleasure without conscience.
Knowledge without character.
Commerce without morality.
Science without humanity.
Religion without sacrifice.
Politics without principle.
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What is Philosopher's wool?
The compound zinc oxide (ZnO) is called philosopher's wool. Alchemists, as part of their rituals, would burn zinc in air and collect the residue, which formed into white woolly tufts. They called it lana philosophica in Latin, meaning philosopher's wool.
What is Philosopher's wool?
The compound zinc oxide (ZnO) is called philosopher's wool. Alchemists, as part of their rituals, would burn zinc in air and collect the residue, which formed into white woolly tufts. They called it lana philosophica in Latin, meaning philosopher's wool.
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What is The meaning of Limited (Ltd.) Company ?
In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. The former may be further divided into public companies and private companies.
What is The meaning of Limited (Ltd.) Company ?
In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. The former may be further divided into public companies and private companies.
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What was the first social media site?
In the month of May, 1996, the site six degrees was founded by a man named Andrew Weinreich. The site was launched in 1997 and had features such as profiles, friends lists etc. Six degrees had millions of users, but due to the lack of internet connection being available to everyone, connections were limited. Not long after six degrees, the internet moved into an era of blogging and instant messages.
What was the first social media site?
In the month of May, 1996, the site six degrees was founded by a man named Andrew Weinreich. The site was launched in 1997 and had features such as profiles, friends lists etc. Six degrees had millions of users, but due to the lack of internet connection being available to everyone, connections were limited. Not long after six degrees, the internet moved into an era of blogging and instant messages.
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What is 'Spectre of the Broken'?
The spectre of the broken is a very unusual occurrence visible in some mountain areas. This is a strange sight in which a mountaineer sees huge shadows of himself, apparently reflected in the sky before them. It is caused when the sun is low, and the light from it casts a greatly enlarged shadow of anyone or anything before it, onto a bank of mist.
What is 'Spectre of the Broken'?
The spectre of the broken is a very unusual occurrence visible in some mountain areas. This is a strange sight in which a mountaineer sees huge shadows of himself, apparently reflected in the sky before them. It is caused when the sun is low, and the light from it casts a greatly enlarged shadow of anyone or anything before it, onto a bank of mist.
7) Critically evaluate the promise and performance of the forest rights act.
KARPATHU IAS Academy Official ™∞
7) Critically evaluate the promise and performance of the forest rights act.
Join @UPSC_2018:It also sought to redress historical injustices meted out to Adivasis and other traditional forest dwellers in the creation of forest estates in the colonial era. FRA recognises 14 types of pre-existing rights of forest dwellers on all categories of forestland, including protected areas. The most significant rights include,
(i) Individual rights over cultivation and homesteads in forestlands, that is individual forest rights (IFRs);
(ii) Community forest rights for use and access to forestland and resources. These include rights to firewood, grazing and other products for subsistence; rights over minor forest products; waterbodies and fishes; rights to access biodiversity; intellectual property and traditional knowledge, etc;
(iii) Community forest resource (CFR) rights to use, manage and govern forests within the traditional boundaries of villages; and
(iv) The empowerment of right-holders and/or gram sabhas for conservation and protection of forests, wildlife, biodiversity, and their natural and cultural heritage.
The FRA is laden with potential to further goals of sustainable development, conservation and democratisation of India’s forests. Critical to realising this potential, however, is the granting of CFR rights (iii above) in combination with conservation and protection rights (iv above). These rights provide a critical opening for establishing community-based forest governance, which we believe is essential for reconciling the goals of forest conservation and local well-being. Community-based forest governance will ensure that forests used by forest dwellers are managed in a way that best meets their livelihood needs, rather than the objectives of the forest department. Moreover, it is much more likely to ensure forest conservation and sustainable use as forest dwellers have a long-term stake in the forest and are best positioned to use their traditional knowledge and proximity to protect and manage the forests.
very little of the potential of the FRA has been achieved. Indeed, most states have not even started recognising CFR rights. Specifically, the data shows that Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are the states with high potential for CFR rights recognition. Of these high potential states, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh have made no progress. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, the highest and the third highest potential states, also show little progress in CFR recognition. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Rajasthan have also recognised very small areas of CFR. The only states with substantial CFR recognition are Maharashtra, Odisha, Gujarat and Kerala.
Some states, which we call “laggard states,” have either not started implementing FRA at all or have barely made a beginning. A surprisingly large number of states fall in this category. Thus, the revolutionary potential of FRA remains largely untapped.
Our primary research shows that the states have prioritised individual rights recognition, for the granting of “land titles” are seen as a populist measure with political benefits.
Forests coming under the authority of gram sabhas are obviously seen as a threat to the forest bureaucracy’s control over critical forest resources. Several studies show that the forest bureaucracy has tried to subvert community rights recognition process
Barely 3% of the estimated potential for CFR rights rights recognition, that is, 2.7 million acres out of 35.6 million acres, has been achieved.
(i) Individual rights over cultivation and homesteads in forestlands, that is individual forest rights (IFRs);
(ii) Community forest rights for use and access to forestland and resources. These include rights to firewood, grazing and other products for subsistence; rights over minor forest products; waterbodies and fishes; rights to access biodiversity; intellectual property and traditional knowledge, etc;
(iii) Community forest resource (CFR) rights to use, manage and govern forests within the traditional boundaries of villages; and
(iv) The empowerment of right-holders and/or gram sabhas for conservation and protection of forests, wildlife, biodiversity, and their natural and cultural heritage.
The FRA is laden with potential to further goals of sustainable development, conservation and democratisation of India’s forests. Critical to realising this potential, however, is the granting of CFR rights (iii above) in combination with conservation and protection rights (iv above). These rights provide a critical opening for establishing community-based forest governance, which we believe is essential for reconciling the goals of forest conservation and local well-being. Community-based forest governance will ensure that forests used by forest dwellers are managed in a way that best meets their livelihood needs, rather than the objectives of the forest department. Moreover, it is much more likely to ensure forest conservation and sustainable use as forest dwellers have a long-term stake in the forest and are best positioned to use their traditional knowledge and proximity to protect and manage the forests.
very little of the potential of the FRA has been achieved. Indeed, most states have not even started recognising CFR rights. Specifically, the data shows that Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are the states with high potential for CFR rights recognition. Of these high potential states, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh have made no progress. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, the highest and the third highest potential states, also show little progress in CFR recognition. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Rajasthan have also recognised very small areas of CFR. The only states with substantial CFR recognition are Maharashtra, Odisha, Gujarat and Kerala.
Some states, which we call “laggard states,” have either not started implementing FRA at all or have barely made a beginning. A surprisingly large number of states fall in this category. Thus, the revolutionary potential of FRA remains largely untapped.
Our primary research shows that the states have prioritised individual rights recognition, for the granting of “land titles” are seen as a populist measure with political benefits.
Forests coming under the authority of gram sabhas are obviously seen as a threat to the forest bureaucracy’s control over critical forest resources. Several studies show that the forest bureaucracy has tried to subvert community rights recognition process
Barely 3% of the estimated potential for CFR rights rights recognition, that is, 2.7 million acres out of 35.6 million acres, has been achieved.
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How does wireless Charger work ?
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging) uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects through electromagnetic induction. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device.
How does wireless Charger work ?
Inductive charging (also known as wireless charging) uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects through electromagnetic induction. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device.
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
GS-4 (GS Score Ethics 2017)
Q. What is the best way to ignite hope and camaraderie in a country and its people? Should we base our hope only on good things happening around us? What is the role of hope in a society where 'good things' come only as an exception while 'bad things' are common place?
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
GS-4 (GS Score Ethics 2017)
Q. What is the best way to ignite hope and camaraderie in a country and its people? Should we base our hope only on good things happening around us? What is the role of hope in a society where 'good things' come only as an exception while 'bad things' are common place?
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
GS2
"For far too long, Delhi has viewed its regional policy through the prism of security without reference to the economic interests of the people. Delhi should instead focus on modernising the national security management and bring it in line with the demands of a globalising economy. Denying visas, limiting trade and blocking foreign investment from neighbours — the traditional and blunt instruments of Delhi’s national security strategy — are hopelessly out of date."Critically comment.
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
GS2
"For far too long, Delhi has viewed its regional policy through the prism of security without reference to the economic interests of the people. Delhi should instead focus on modernising the national security management and bring it in line with the demands of a globalising economy. Denying visas, limiting trade and blocking foreign investment from neighbours — the traditional and blunt instruments of Delhi’s national security strategy — are hopelessly out of date."Critically comment.
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How does snow form?
Snow is formed when
temperatures are low
and there is moisture in
the atmosphere in the
form of tiny ice crystals.
When these tiny ice
crystals collide they
stick together in clouds
to become snowflakes.
If enough ice crystals
stick together, they'll
become heavy enough
to fall to the ground.
This tends to occur
when the temperature
is below 2°C. So it's not
expected in many parts
of Africa due to the heat.
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How does snow form?
Snow is formed when
temperatures are low
and there is moisture in
the atmosphere in the
form of tiny ice crystals.
When these tiny ice
crystals collide they
stick together in clouds
to become snowflakes.
If enough ice crystals
stick together, they'll
become heavy enough
to fall to the ground.
This tends to occur
when the temperature
is below 2°C. So it's not
expected in many parts
of Africa due to the heat.
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Labour migration: New estimates of labour migration in India have revealed that inter-state labour mobility is significantly higher than previous estimates. Relatively poorer states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have high net out-migration. Seven states take positive CMM values reflecting net in-migration: Goa, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Policy actions to sustain and maximise the benefits of migration include: ensuring portability of food security benefits, providing healthcare and a basic social security framework for migrants – potentially through an inter-state self-registration process.
Labour migration: New estimates of labour migration in India have revealed that inter-state labour mobility is significantly higher than previous estimates. Relatively poorer states such as Bihar and Uttar Pradesh have high net out-migration. Seven states take positive CMM values reflecting net in-migration: Goa, Delhi, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. Policy actions to sustain and maximise the benefits of migration include: ensuring portability of food security benefits, providing healthcare and a basic social security framework for migrants – potentially through an inter-state self-registration process.
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Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How was pregnancy
tested back then?
Ancient Egyptians
mixed the urine with
grains. At least, they
knew where to look
at. In the middle ages,
urine samples were
mixed with alcohol.
The samples were also
analysed based on
colour. Around the
19th century, focus
was on structures seen
under the microscope.
Early 20th century, they
injected the tested urine
into rabbits. Early 60s,
they reacted antibodies
with the samples. It
had a lot of false
positive results.
Presently, blood and
urine samples are
tested for levels of a
specific hormone hCG
(human chorionic
gonadotropin). This is
the most reliable of the
bunch.
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
How was pregnancy
tested back then?
Ancient Egyptians
mixed the urine with
grains. At least, they
knew where to look
at. In the middle ages,
urine samples were
mixed with alcohol.
The samples were also
analysed based on
colour. Around the
19th century, focus
was on structures seen
under the microscope.
Early 20th century, they
injected the tested urine
into rabbits. Early 60s,
they reacted antibodies
with the samples. It
had a lot of false
positive results.
Presently, blood and
urine samples are
tested for levels of a
specific hormone hCG
(human chorionic
gonadotropin). This is
the most reliable of the
bunch.
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What is JIGYASA?
Jigyasa is a student-scientist connect programme
🔴 Concerned agencies:
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has joined hands with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) to implement this programme.
🔴 Focus:
On connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory based learning.
What is JIGYASA?
Jigyasa is a student-scientist connect programme
🔴 Concerned agencies:
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has joined hands with Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS) to implement this programme.
🔴 Focus:
On connecting school students and scientists so as to extend student’s classroom learning with that of a very well planned research laboratory based learning.
Join @UPSC_2018:
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Under the Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin (SBM-G), rural Uttarakhand and rural Haryana have declared themselves as the 4th and 5th Open Defecation Free (ODF) States of India
Other ODF States
Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala, which were the first three states to be declared ODF
Some statistics
Nationally, the sanitation coverage has increased from 42% to over 64% in 2 and a half years since the launch of SBMWith the total number of ODF States now rising to 5, more than 2 Lakh villages and 147 districts have also been declared ODF across the country.
Karpathuias.blogspot.in
Under the Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin (SBM-G), rural Uttarakhand and rural Haryana have declared themselves as the 4th and 5th Open Defecation Free (ODF) States of India
Other ODF States
Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala, which were the first three states to be declared ODF
Some statistics
Nationally, the sanitation coverage has increased from 42% to over 64% in 2 and a half years since the launch of SBMWith the total number of ODF States now rising to 5, more than 2 Lakh villages and 147 districts have also been declared ODF across the country.
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As many as 22 States have abolished check posts within three days of the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)Other eight States are also in the process of abolishing check postsWhat are check posts: State border check posts scrutinise material and location-based tax complianceGenerally, check posts results in delays in delivery of goodsAlso, Check posts cause environment pollution as trucks queue up for clearance.
As many as 22 States have abolished check posts within three days of the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST)Other eight States are also in the process of abolishing check postsWhat are check posts: State border check posts scrutinise material and location-based tax complianceGenerally, check posts results in delays in delivery of goodsAlso, Check posts cause environment pollution as trucks queue up for clearance.
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New Interest Rates are:
Public provident fund (PPF) scheme – 7.8%.
Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) investments – 7.5% and mature in 115 months.
Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme – 8.3%
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme – 8.3%
#KarpathuIAS
New Interest Rates are:
Public provident fund (PPF) scheme – 7.8%.
Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP) investments – 7.5% and mature in 115 months.
Sukanya Samriddhi Account Scheme – 8.3%
Senior Citizens Savings Scheme – 8.3%
#KarpathuIAS