Sarvan Kuben:
Does Worker Ants have two stomach ?
Worker ants, responsible for the feeding of the colony, have two stomachs. The first is for its own food, and the other is where it stores food that it will regurgitate to feed its fellow ants.
Does Worker Ants have two stomach ?
Worker ants, responsible for the feeding of the colony, have two stomachs. The first is for its own food, and the other is where it stores food that it will regurgitate to feed its fellow ants.
Thanjavur painting is a classical South Indian painting style, which was inaugurated from the town of Thanjavur (anglicized as Tanjore) and spread across the adjoining and geographically contiguous Tamil country. The art form draws its immediate resources and inspiration from way back about 1600 AD, a period when the Nayakas of Thanjavur under the suzerainty of the Vijayanagara Rayas encouraged art—chiefly, classical dance and music—as well as literature, both in Telugu and Tamil and painting of chiefly Hindu religious subjects in temples.It is distinguished by its famous gold coating. However, it can safely be surmised that Thanjavur painting, as we know it now, originated in the Maratha court of Thanjavur (1676 - 1855)
📝 Nepal China inks hydro power projects
From UPSC perspective, following things are important:
🔘 Prelims level: Not much
🔘 Mains level:
The article shows increased activities of China in Nepal. These activities are strategically important for India. But to be honest, it is just an FYI card. Read it and forget it!
🔴 What:
Nepal has signed an agreement with a Chinese company to build the largest hydroelectric(1,200 megawatt Budhi-Gandaki) plant in the country
🔘 Chinese company: the China Gezhouba Group Corporation(CGGC)
🔘 Estimates put the project cost at $2.5 billion
Energy producing capacity of Nepal.
🔘 Water-rich Nepal has a mountain river system that could make it an energy-producing powerhouse
But instead it imports much of its electricity from India.
🔘 According to experts, Nepal could generate 83,000 megawatts, but its total installed generation capacity currently stands at less than 2% of that
Current projects of CGGC in Nepal.
🔘 The CGGC is currently building three smaller hydropower plants in Nepal and has completed another one.
🔘 But critics have complained that the projects have consistently run over time and over budget.
#GS2 #InternationalRelation
@UPSC_2018
From UPSC perspective, following things are important:
🔘 Prelims level: Not much
🔘 Mains level:
The article shows increased activities of China in Nepal. These activities are strategically important for India. But to be honest, it is just an FYI card. Read it and forget it!
🔴 What:
Nepal has signed an agreement with a Chinese company to build the largest hydroelectric(1,200 megawatt Budhi-Gandaki) plant in the country
🔘 Chinese company: the China Gezhouba Group Corporation(CGGC)
🔘 Estimates put the project cost at $2.5 billion
Energy producing capacity of Nepal.
🔘 Water-rich Nepal has a mountain river system that could make it an energy-producing powerhouse
But instead it imports much of its electricity from India.
🔘 According to experts, Nepal could generate 83,000 megawatts, but its total installed generation capacity currently stands at less than 2% of that
Current projects of CGGC in Nepal.
🔘 The CGGC is currently building three smaller hydropower plants in Nepal and has completed another one.
🔘 But critics have complained that the projects have consistently run over time and over budget.
#GS2 #InternationalRelation
@UPSC_2018
📝 El Nino is weaker than anticipated: IMD
From UPSC perspective following things important:
🔘 Prelims level: El Nino, La Nino and IOD concepts. Read the connected newstrail to fill in the static gaps in your understanding
🔘 Mains level: These kind of phenomenons are important for the static part of the syllabus. Expect a direct question if already not asked
🔴 What:
The India Meteorological Department(IMD) is expecting better this year.
🔴 Why:
Because El Nino would be much weaker than anticipated.
🔘 New monsoon forecast system: IMD has shifted to a new monsoon forecast system, called a dynamical model that works by supercomputers simulating the weather and extrapolating it(i.e. Deducing the weather by assuming that existing trends will continue).
🔴 What is El Nino?
🔘 The El Nino is characterised by surface waters of the equatorial Pacific warming up by more than half a degree
🔘 It is known to negativey affect monsoon rain every six out of 10 years
🔘 A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is said to buffer the impact of El Nino and contribute to better rains
🔘 The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is also known as the Indian Niño,
IOD is an irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean
🔘 The IOD is a swing in surface temperatures that turns the western Indian Ocean alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean
#Prelims #GS1 #Geography
@UPSC_2018
From UPSC perspective following things important:
🔘 Prelims level: El Nino, La Nino and IOD concepts. Read the connected newstrail to fill in the static gaps in your understanding
🔘 Mains level: These kind of phenomenons are important for the static part of the syllabus. Expect a direct question if already not asked
🔴 What:
The India Meteorological Department(IMD) is expecting better this year.
🔴 Why:
Because El Nino would be much weaker than anticipated.
🔘 New monsoon forecast system: IMD has shifted to a new monsoon forecast system, called a dynamical model that works by supercomputers simulating the weather and extrapolating it(i.e. Deducing the weather by assuming that existing trends will continue).
🔴 What is El Nino?
🔘 The El Nino is characterised by surface waters of the equatorial Pacific warming up by more than half a degree
🔘 It is known to negativey affect monsoon rain every six out of 10 years
🔘 A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is said to buffer the impact of El Nino and contribute to better rains
🔘 The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is also known as the Indian Niño,
IOD is an irregular oscillation of sea-surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean
🔘 The IOD is a swing in surface temperatures that turns the western Indian Ocean alternately warmer and then colder than the eastern part of the ocean
#Prelims #GS1 #Geography
@UPSC_2018
Forwarded from Kubendran Mohan
Red Sea or Erythraean Sea
The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
The Red Sea is a Global 200 Eco-region. It is the world's northernmost tropical sea.
Bordering countries:
Western Shore - Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti
Eastern Shore - Saudi Arabia, Yemen
The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal).
The Red Sea is a Global 200 Eco-region. It is the world's northernmost tropical sea.
Bordering countries:
Western Shore - Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti
Eastern Shore - Saudi Arabia, Yemen
*GST world rates*
Australia ----10%
Bahrain -----5%
Canada -----15%
china---------17%
japan --------8%
Korea ------10%
Kuwait -----5%
Malaysia ----6%
Mauritius -----15%
Mexico ----16%
Myanmar----3%
New Zealand ---15%
Phillipines ---12%
Russian federation--18%
Singapore 7%
South Africa ---14%
Thailand ---7%
UAE-----5%
America (usa). ----7.5%
Vietnam ----10%
Zimbabwe ---15%
Greatest india
the next super power as per our politicians
18% to 28%
and for petrol v pay separate tax of Over 60%.
Australia ----10%
Bahrain -----5%
Canada -----15%
china---------17%
japan --------8%
Korea ------10%
Kuwait -----5%
Malaysia ----6%
Mauritius -----15%
Mexico ----16%
Myanmar----3%
New Zealand ---15%
Phillipines ---12%
Russian federation--18%
Singapore 7%
South Africa ---14%
Thailand ---7%
UAE-----5%
America (usa). ----7.5%
Vietnam ----10%
Zimbabwe ---15%
Greatest india
the next super power as per our politicians
18% to 28%
and for petrol v pay separate tax of Over 60%.
📝 Water quality index set to be announced soon
Note4students:
The news card has details on Water Quality Index, a new step in the field of environment pollution control.
Few takeaways:
🔘 Prelims Level: The three models being considered and parameters involved, find out about the present classification
🔘 Mains Level: Nothing as of yet. Let’s hope we have an op-ed coming out soon
Keep tab of this news development.
🔴 Context:
It is being planned to introduce a certain and easy way to find out pollution levels in water.
🔴 Who proposed this?
It is based on the proposal of the Telangana State Pollution Control Board (TSPCB).
🔘 The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is working on coming up with a Water Quality Index, on the lines of Air Quality Index (AQI).
🔴 5+ states involved:
A committee has been formed with senior environment scientists from Telangana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and other States to formulate models to assess the water quality
🔴 Three models proposed & why?
The members felt that the present classification was not rational.
🔘 The committee has closely studied similar models existing in Australia and Canada
Taking four perimeters into consideration, the committee has developed three different models
Parameters involved.
🔘 The parameters are limited to only four
Since developing an index for water quality is complex than air quality, it is decided to have three different models for lakes and rivers, ground water and coastal waters.
🔘 The committee members also want to classify the lakes, groundwater and the coastal waters across the country based on the Water Quality Index.
👉 Back2basics:
🔴 Central Pollution Control Board
🔘 What: The CPCB of India is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC)
🔘 When: It was established in 1974. It was established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It co-ordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them. It is the apex organisation in country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing of MoEF.
The board is led by its chairman, who is nominated by the Central Government.
CPCB has its head office in New Delhi, with seven zonal offices and 5 laboratories.
🔘 Functions of CPCB
The board conducts environmental assessments and research.
It is responsible for maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with zonal offices, tribal, and local governments.
It has responsibilities to conduct monitoring of water and air quality, and maintains monitoring data.
The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.
It advises the central government to prevent and control water and air pollution.
It also advises the Governments of Union Territories on industrial and other sources of water and air pollution.
#GS3 #Prelims #Environment #Pollution
@UPSC_2018
Note4students:
The news card has details on Water Quality Index, a new step in the field of environment pollution control.
Few takeaways:
🔘 Prelims Level: The three models being considered and parameters involved, find out about the present classification
🔘 Mains Level: Nothing as of yet. Let’s hope we have an op-ed coming out soon
Keep tab of this news development.
🔴 Context:
It is being planned to introduce a certain and easy way to find out pollution levels in water.
🔴 Who proposed this?
It is based on the proposal of the Telangana State Pollution Control Board (TSPCB).
🔘 The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is working on coming up with a Water Quality Index, on the lines of Air Quality Index (AQI).
🔴 5+ states involved:
A committee has been formed with senior environment scientists from Telangana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and other States to formulate models to assess the water quality
🔴 Three models proposed & why?
The members felt that the present classification was not rational.
🔘 The committee has closely studied similar models existing in Australia and Canada
Taking four perimeters into consideration, the committee has developed three different models
Parameters involved.
🔘 The parameters are limited to only four
Since developing an index for water quality is complex than air quality, it is decided to have three different models for lakes and rivers, ground water and coastal waters.
🔘 The committee members also want to classify the lakes, groundwater and the coastal waters across the country based on the Water Quality Index.
👉 Back2basics:
🔴 Central Pollution Control Board
🔘 What: The CPCB of India is a statutory organisation under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC)
🔘 When: It was established in 1974. It was established under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It co-ordinates the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them. It is the apex organisation in country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing of MoEF.
The board is led by its chairman, who is nominated by the Central Government.
CPCB has its head office in New Delhi, with seven zonal offices and 5 laboratories.
🔘 Functions of CPCB
The board conducts environmental assessments and research.
It is responsible for maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with zonal offices, tribal, and local governments.
It has responsibilities to conduct monitoring of water and air quality, and maintains monitoring data.
The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.
It advises the central government to prevent and control water and air pollution.
It also advises the Governments of Union Territories on industrial and other sources of water and air pollution.
#GS3 #Prelims #Environment #Pollution
@UPSC_2018
www.Karpathuias.blogspot.in
DRDO அமைப்பின் சார்பில் நீண்டதூர ஏவுகணைகள் பரிசோதனை தளத்தை, அந்தமானில் உள்ள Rutland தீவில் அமைக்க தேசிய வனவிலங்கு வாரியம் அனுமதி அளித்துள்ளது.
Rural LED Street Lighting National Project (SLNP)ன் படி , தெருவிளக்குகளை LED விளக்குகளாக மாற்றும் திட்டம், ஆந்திராவின் 7 மாவட்டங்களில் துவங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.இத்திட்டதின்கீழ் ஆந்திராவில் 10 லட்சம் LED விளக்குகள் பொருத்தப்பட உள்ளன.
மத்திய பிரதேசம்., போபாலின் புறநகர்ப்பகுதியில் உள்ள ஹபீப்கஞ்ச் ரயில்நிலையம், இந்தியாவின் முதல் தனியார் பங்களிப்பு ரயில் நிலையமாக (Public – Private Partnership – PPP) மாற்றப்பட்டுள்ளது.இந்த நிலையத்தின் செயல்பாட்டு மற்றும் பராமரிப்பு பொறுப்புகளை போபாலை சார்ந்த Bansal Group க்கு எட்டு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.மேலும் நான்கு நிலப்பகுதிகள் 45 ஆண்டுகள் குத்தகைக்கு விடப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பிளாஸ்டிக், கண்ணாடி மற்றும் தெர்மோகோல் பயன்பாட்டை குறைத்து, எளிதில் மக்கும் பொருட்களை திருமணங்களில் பயன்படுத்த கேரளா அரசு Green Protocol என்னும் திட்டத்தை அறிமுகம் செய்துள்ளது.
மங்கோலிய பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் சார்பில் முதன்முறையாக உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ள சாட்டிலைட்ற்கு, கோபி பாலைவன கரடியான Mazaalai பெயர் சூட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது.
DRDO அமைப்பின் சார்பில் நீண்டதூர ஏவுகணைகள் பரிசோதனை தளத்தை, அந்தமானில் உள்ள Rutland தீவில் அமைக்க தேசிய வனவிலங்கு வாரியம் அனுமதி அளித்துள்ளது.
Rural LED Street Lighting National Project (SLNP)ன் படி , தெருவிளக்குகளை LED விளக்குகளாக மாற்றும் திட்டம், ஆந்திராவின் 7 மாவட்டங்களில் துவங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.இத்திட்டதின்கீழ் ஆந்திராவில் 10 லட்சம் LED விளக்குகள் பொருத்தப்பட உள்ளன.
மத்திய பிரதேசம்., போபாலின் புறநகர்ப்பகுதியில் உள்ள ஹபீப்கஞ்ச் ரயில்நிலையம், இந்தியாவின் முதல் தனியார் பங்களிப்பு ரயில் நிலையமாக (Public – Private Partnership – PPP) மாற்றப்பட்டுள்ளது.இந்த நிலையத்தின் செயல்பாட்டு மற்றும் பராமரிப்பு பொறுப்புகளை போபாலை சார்ந்த Bansal Group க்கு எட்டு ஆண்டுகளுக்கு வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது.மேலும் நான்கு நிலப்பகுதிகள் 45 ஆண்டுகள் குத்தகைக்கு விடப்பட்டுள்ளது.
பிளாஸ்டிக், கண்ணாடி மற்றும் தெர்மோகோல் பயன்பாட்டை குறைத்து, எளிதில் மக்கும் பொருட்களை திருமணங்களில் பயன்படுத்த கேரளா அரசு Green Protocol என்னும் திட்டத்தை அறிமுகம் செய்துள்ளது.
மங்கோலிய பல்கலைக்கழகத்தின் சார்பில் முதன்முறையாக உருவாக்கப்பட்டுள்ள சாட்டிலைட்ற்கு, கோபி பாலைவன கரடியான Mazaalai பெயர் சூட்டப்பட்டுள்ளது.
#upsc2018
French open 2017
Men's Singles
(Spain) Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles
(Latvia) Jeļena Ostapenko
Men's Doubles
(United States) Ryan Harrison / (New Zealand) Michael Venus
Women's Doubles
(United States) Bethanie Mattek-Sands / (Czech Republic) Lucie Šafářová
Mixed Doubles
(Canada) Gabriela Dabrowski / (India) Rohan Bopanna
@UPSC_2018
Happy learning.
French open 2017
Men's Singles
(Spain) Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles
(Latvia) Jeļena Ostapenko
Men's Doubles
(United States) Ryan Harrison / (New Zealand) Michael Venus
Women's Doubles
(United States) Bethanie Mattek-Sands / (Czech Republic) Lucie Šafářová
Mixed Doubles
(Canada) Gabriela Dabrowski / (India) Rohan Bopanna
@UPSC_2018
Happy learning.
Karpathu IAS
📝 India becomes associate member of International Energy Agency
🔴 News:
India has become part of IEA Association.
🔴 Significance:
🔘 It will allow the country play a more “visible and influential” role in the global energy landscape.
🔘 The “Activation of Association” is expected to serve as a bridge and platform for wider-ranging and deeper co-operation and collaboration between IEA member and Association countries in the future.
🔘 India’s engagement with the International Energy Agency (IEA) has enhanced over the last two decades and the “Association” status would facilitate it to participate in meetings of the standing groups, committees and working groups that constitute the IEA governance structure.
🔴 ISA:
India also envisages a greater partnership with IEA in taking forward the International Solar Alliance framework to other countries in the world.
🔴 Apprehension?
This membership does not cast any additional obligation on India, however, gives an opportunity for the country to become the voice of the developing countries.
🔴 Information:
Today, IEA is an important part of global dialogue on energy, providing research, data/statistics, analysis and recommendations on the global energy sector
India can also richly gain from IEA’s data gathering processes, survey methodologies and range of energy data, which could enable India in the near future to set up its own robust integrated database agency.
🔴 Green energy:
India’s participation will enrich the energy efficiency and renewable sectors of IEA member and other countries.
👉 Note4students:
Important for prelims. See b2b for IEA. Also note the significance for mains.
👉 Back2basics:
🔴 The International Energy Agency (IEA):
🔘 It is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.
🔘 The IEA was initially dedicated to responding to physical disruptions in the supply of oil, as well as serving as an information source on statistics about the international oil market and other energy sectors.
🔘 The IEA acts as a policy adviser to its member states, but also works with non-member countries, especially China, India, and Russia.
🔴 Mandate:
🔘 The Agency’s mandate has broadened to focus on the “3Es” of effectual energy policy: energy security, economic development, and environmental protection.
🔘 The latter has focused on mitigating climate change.
🔘 The IEA has a broad role in promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies, and multinational energy technology co-operation.
🔘 IEA member countries are required to maintain total oil stock levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year’s net imports.
#Prelims #GS2 #Organisation
@UPSC_2018
📝 India becomes associate member of International Energy Agency
🔴 News:
India has become part of IEA Association.
🔴 Significance:
🔘 It will allow the country play a more “visible and influential” role in the global energy landscape.
🔘 The “Activation of Association” is expected to serve as a bridge and platform for wider-ranging and deeper co-operation and collaboration between IEA member and Association countries in the future.
🔘 India’s engagement with the International Energy Agency (IEA) has enhanced over the last two decades and the “Association” status would facilitate it to participate in meetings of the standing groups, committees and working groups that constitute the IEA governance structure.
🔴 ISA:
India also envisages a greater partnership with IEA in taking forward the International Solar Alliance framework to other countries in the world.
🔴 Apprehension?
This membership does not cast any additional obligation on India, however, gives an opportunity for the country to become the voice of the developing countries.
🔴 Information:
Today, IEA is an important part of global dialogue on energy, providing research, data/statistics, analysis and recommendations on the global energy sector
India can also richly gain from IEA’s data gathering processes, survey methodologies and range of energy data, which could enable India in the near future to set up its own robust integrated database agency.
🔴 Green energy:
India’s participation will enrich the energy efficiency and renewable sectors of IEA member and other countries.
👉 Note4students:
Important for prelims. See b2b for IEA. Also note the significance for mains.
👉 Back2basics:
🔴 The International Energy Agency (IEA):
🔘 It is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.
🔘 The IEA was initially dedicated to responding to physical disruptions in the supply of oil, as well as serving as an information source on statistics about the international oil market and other energy sectors.
🔘 The IEA acts as a policy adviser to its member states, but also works with non-member countries, especially China, India, and Russia.
🔴 Mandate:
🔘 The Agency’s mandate has broadened to focus on the “3Es” of effectual energy policy: energy security, economic development, and environmental protection.
🔘 The latter has focused on mitigating climate change.
🔘 The IEA has a broad role in promoting alternate energy sources (including renewable energy), rational energy policies, and multinational energy technology co-operation.
🔘 IEA member countries are required to maintain total oil stock levels equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year’s net imports.
#Prelims #GS2 #Organisation
@UPSC_2018
#KarpathuIAS :
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The National Institute of
Nutrition-Hyd
Virology-Pune
Ayurveda-New Delhi
Cholera-Kolkata
Psychiatry-Mysore
Reproduction-Mumbai
@UPSC_2018
The National Institute of
Nutrition-Hyd
Virology-Pune
Ayurveda-New Delhi
Cholera-Kolkata
Psychiatry-Mysore
Reproduction-Mumbai
#KarpathuIAS:
@UPSC_2018
Coral reefs in India:
The major reef formations in India are restricted to the Gulf of Mannar, Palk bay, Gulf of Kutch, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep islands. While the Lakshadweep reefs are atolls, the others are all fringing reefs. Patchy coral is present in the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast of the country.
@UPSC_2018
Coral reefs in India:
The major reef formations in India are restricted to the Gulf of Mannar, Palk bay, Gulf of Kutch, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep islands. While the Lakshadweep reefs are atolls, the others are all fringing reefs. Patchy coral is present in the inter-tidal areas of the central west coast of the country.