Q. With reference to the Contingency Fund of India, consider the following statements:
1)The Constitution authorises the creation of this fund to meet expenditure that cannot be postponed until Parliament’s approval.
2) The amount withdrawn from the fund must be recouped only after the Finance Act of the subsequent year is passed.
3)The fund is operated in the name of the President of India, but withdrawals are executed by the Ministry of Finance.
4) No money can be withdrawn from the Contingency Fund for expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
1)The Constitution authorises the creation of this fund to meet expenditure that cannot be postponed until Parliament’s approval.
2) The amount withdrawn from the fund must be recouped only after the Finance Act of the subsequent year is passed.
3)The fund is operated in the name of the President of India, but withdrawals are executed by the Ministry of Finance.
4) No money can be withdrawn from the Contingency Fund for expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
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Q. With reference to the Public Account of India, consider the following statements:
1) The Public Account of India is provided for under Article 266(2) of the Constitution.
2) Parliamentary approval is not required for withdrawal of money from the Public Account of India.
3) All receipts under the Public Account represent liabilities of the Government of India.
4) Expenditure from the Public Account can be incurred only for purposes specified in the Appropriation Act.
How many statements are true?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All of the Above
1) The Public Account of India is provided for under Article 266(2) of the Constitution.
2) Parliamentary approval is not required for withdrawal of money from the Public Account of India.
3) All receipts under the Public Account represent liabilities of the Government of India.
4) Expenditure from the Public Account can be incurred only for purposes specified in the Appropriation Act.
How many statements are true?
(a) Only one
(b) Only two
(c) Only three
(d) All of the Above
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Why are many students not scoring well in UPSC civils Mains?
The reason is writing vague or general statements without actually substantiating the statements they are writing.
And also unable to include latest information on schemes, policies, data and other examples.
Remember most of the people can write generic statements, so that is not a great work.
The real work lies in learning these substantiating information and validating every answer with the latest facts.
Everyday newspaper gives many important facts , data, schemes, policies, reports, stats
Try to note down , revise them and by heart them and also do answer writing practice.
If you do these things then nobody can stop you from scoring good Marks in mains.
Try to understand what I am trying to say.
The reason is writing vague or general statements without actually substantiating the statements they are writing.
And also unable to include latest information on schemes, policies, data and other examples.
Remember most of the people can write generic statements, so that is not a great work.
The real work lies in learning these substantiating information and validating every answer with the latest facts.
Everyday newspaper gives many important facts , data, schemes, policies, reports, stats
Try to note down , revise them and by heart them and also do answer writing practice.
If you do these things then nobody can stop you from scoring good Marks in mains.
Try to understand what I am trying to say.
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Q) Which of the following are treated as Non-Debt Capital Receipts of the Government of India?
1) Proceeds from minority stake sale in a Central Public Sector Enterprise
2) Receipts from the issue of Treasury Bills
3) Recovery of loans from State Governments
4) Collections under National Small Savings Fund
5) Sale of government-owned land
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 3 and 5 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
1) Proceeds from minority stake sale in a Central Public Sector Enterprise
2) Receipts from the issue of Treasury Bills
3) Recovery of loans from State Governments
4) Collections under National Small Savings Fund
5) Sale of government-owned land
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 3 and 5 only
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
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RAJINIKANTH, AIR 587 CSE 2023.
Q. With reference to the Contingency Fund of India, consider the following statements: 1)The Constitution authorises the creation of this fund to meet expenditure that cannot be postponed until Parliament’s approval. 2) The amount withdrawn from the fund…
Correct answer: (a) 1 and 3 only
Explanation (statement-wise):
Statement 1 – Correct
Article 267 of the Constitution authorises the creation of the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenditure that cannot wait for prior parliamentary approval.
Statement 2 – Incorrect
Money withdrawn from the Contingency Fund is recouped after Parliament authorises the expenditure through an Appropriation Act, not specifically through the Finance Act of the subsequent year.
Statement 3 – Correct
The Contingency Fund is operated in the name of the President of India, and withdrawals are executed by the Ministry of Finance as per rules.
Statement 4 – Incorrect
The Contingency Fund can be used even for expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India, since such expenditure still requires parliamentary authorisation (though not voting).
Explanation (statement-wise):
Statement 1 – Correct
Article 267 of the Constitution authorises the creation of the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenditure that cannot wait for prior parliamentary approval.
Statement 2 – Incorrect
Money withdrawn from the Contingency Fund is recouped after Parliament authorises the expenditure through an Appropriation Act, not specifically through the Finance Act of the subsequent year.
Statement 3 – Correct
The Contingency Fund is operated in the name of the President of India, and withdrawals are executed by the Ministry of Finance as per rules.
Statement 4 – Incorrect
The Contingency Fund can be used even for expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India, since such expenditure still requires parliamentary authorisation (though not voting).
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RAJINIKANTH, AIR 587 CSE 2023.
Q. With reference to the Public Account of India, consider the following statements: 1) The Public Account of India is provided for under Article 266(2) of the Constitution. 2) Parliamentary approval is not required for withdrawal of money from the Public…
Correct answer: (c) Only three
Statement-wise analysis:
Statement 1 – True
The Public Account of India is provided for under Article 266(2) of the Constitution.
Statement 2 – True
Parliamentary approval is NOT required for withdrawal from the Public Account because the money does not belong to the Government (it is held in trust).
Statement 3 – True
All receipts under the Public Account (PF, small savings, deposits, remittances, etc.) are liabilities of the Government of India.
Statement 4 – False
Expenditure from the Public Account does not require an Appropriation Act. Appropriation Acts apply to withdrawals from the Consolidated Fund of India, not the Public Account.
✅ True statements: 1, 2, and 3 → three statements
Statement-wise analysis:
Statement 1 – True
The Public Account of India is provided for under Article 266(2) of the Constitution.
Statement 2 – True
Parliamentary approval is NOT required for withdrawal from the Public Account because the money does not belong to the Government (it is held in trust).
Statement 3 – True
All receipts under the Public Account (PF, small savings, deposits, remittances, etc.) are liabilities of the Government of India.
Statement 4 – False
Expenditure from the Public Account does not require an Appropriation Act. Appropriation Acts apply to withdrawals from the Consolidated Fund of India, not the Public Account.
✅ True statements: 1, 2, and 3 → three statements
RAJINIKANTH, AIR 587 CSE 2023.
Q) Which of the following are treated as Non-Debt Capital Receipts of the Government of India? 1) Proceeds from minority stake sale in a Central Public Sector Enterprise 2) Receipts from the issue of Treasury Bills 3) Recovery of loans from State Governments…
Correct answer: (a) 1, 3 and 5 only
Statement-wise explanation:
1) Proceeds from minority stake sale in a CPSE — ✅ Correct
Disinvestment receipts (sale of government equity) are Non-Debt Capital Receipts because they do not create future repayment liability.
2) Receipts from issue of Treasury Bills — ❌ Incorrect
Treasury Bills are short-term borrowings → they are Debt Capital Receipts.
3) Recovery of loans from State Governments — ✅ Correct
Loan recovery reduces government assets and does not create debt, hence treated as Non-Debt Capital Receipts.
4) Collections under National Small Savings Fund — ❌ Incorrect
Small savings are borrowings from the public → classified as Debt Capital Receipts.
5) Sale of government-owned land — ✅ Correct
Sale of assets results in capital receipts without repayment obligation → Non-Debt Capital Receipts.
✅ Correct set: 1, 3 and 5
Statement-wise explanation:
1) Proceeds from minority stake sale in a CPSE — ✅ Correct
Disinvestment receipts (sale of government equity) are Non-Debt Capital Receipts because they do not create future repayment liability.
2) Receipts from issue of Treasury Bills — ❌ Incorrect
Treasury Bills are short-term borrowings → they are Debt Capital Receipts.
3) Recovery of loans from State Governments — ✅ Correct
Loan recovery reduces government assets and does not create debt, hence treated as Non-Debt Capital Receipts.
4) Collections under National Small Savings Fund — ❌ Incorrect
Small savings are borrowings from the public → classified as Debt Capital Receipts.
5) Sale of government-owned land — ✅ Correct
Sale of assets results in capital receipts without repayment obligation → Non-Debt Capital Receipts.
✅ Correct set: 1, 3 and 5
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Prelims Geography Map Based topics.pdf
301.8 KB
Very Important Geography PDF
Covering map-based themes for Prelims 2026.
Major topics covered include Straits, Glaciers, Mountain Passes, Gulfs and Bays, Lakes and Seas, Deserts, Grasslands, and Major Latitudes with countries passing through them.
Aspirants are advised to refer to an atlas simultaneously to locate these features for better clarity and conceptual understanding.
Covering map-based themes for Prelims 2026.
Major topics covered include Straits, Glaciers, Mountain Passes, Gulfs and Bays, Lakes and Seas, Deserts, Grasslands, and Major Latitudes with countries passing through them.
Aspirants are advised to refer to an atlas simultaneously to locate these features for better clarity and conceptual understanding.
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Please don’t worry about current affairs for Prelims at this stage.
Till April, focus on PYQ-based static content and core concepts.
Read and revise them repeatedly to build strong fundamentals.
From April onwards, you may shift your focus to current affairs aligned with PYQ themes.
I will try to share important current-affairs themes and content during the month of April.
Till April, focus on PYQ-based static content and core concepts.
Read and revise them repeatedly to build strong fundamentals.
From April onwards, you may shift your focus to current affairs aligned with PYQ themes.
I will try to share important current-affairs themes and content during the month of April.
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Economy PYQ Mapping 2025-2020 (1).pdf
156.3 KB
Here is the Prelims Economy PYQ mapping covering the years 2025-2020
However, I advise you to first do your own analysis and then refer to this PDF for better clarity and understanding.
Try to study smartly focus only on those topics that are essential for shaping you into an effective officer.
Avoid random topics and unnecessary content.
However, I advise you to first do your own analysis and then refer to this PDF for better clarity and understanding.
Try to study smartly focus only on those topics that are essential for shaping you into an effective officer.
Avoid random topics and unnecessary content.
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Let me address some common problems related to Current Affairs for Prelims:
• How many months of current affairs should we read?
• Which magazine should we follow?
• When should we start reading current affairs?
First, understand this clearly: you should study any subject for Prelims based on its weightage in the examination.
Ask yourself these two questions:
1. Are you aware of the weightage of current affairs in Prelims?
2. Are you aware of the kind of topics from current affairs that are actually asked?
It is not about how many months of magazines you read. Current affairs are like an ocean if you do not know what to study, you will waste your valuable time and memory on unnecessary topics.
Therefore, first complete all static subjects properly. After that, read current affairs from any source, but ensure you are studying them by aligning them with Previous Years’ Question (PYQ) themes.
Do not study random topics in current affairs.
Simply reading monthly magazines without direction will not help unless you clearly understand what to read and how much weightage current affairs carry in Prelims.
• How many months of current affairs should we read?
• Which magazine should we follow?
• When should we start reading current affairs?
First, understand this clearly: you should study any subject for Prelims based on its weightage in the examination.
Ask yourself these two questions:
1. Are you aware of the weightage of current affairs in Prelims?
2. Are you aware of the kind of topics from current affairs that are actually asked?
It is not about how many months of magazines you read. Current affairs are like an ocean if you do not know what to study, you will waste your valuable time and memory on unnecessary topics.
Therefore, first complete all static subjects properly. After that, read current affairs from any source, but ensure you are studying them by aligning them with Previous Years’ Question (PYQ) themes.
Do not study random topics in current affairs.
Simply reading monthly magazines without direction will not help unless you clearly understand what to read and how much weightage current affairs carry in Prelims.
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If you believe that merely reading more books or magazines will help you clear this exam, remember that many aspirants have read far more than I did yet never cleared Prelims or Mains.
Reading is never a great job the real work is to understand.
Reading is never a great job the real work is to understand.
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RAJINIKANTH, AIR 587 CSE 2023.
Photo
These kinds of current issues can be asked in Prelims Polity Questions
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UPSC 2026 NOTIFICATION_english.pdf
2.8 MB
The Cycle starts. All the Best.
Karmanye vadhikaraste mā phaleṣu kadācana.
You have the right to perform your duty, but not to the results of your actions.
Karmanye vadhikaraste mā phaleṣu kadācana.
You have the right to perform your duty, but not to the results of your actions.
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My thoughts and experiences
I never focused on the number of vacancies. I believed that even if there was just one seat, I would still write the exam. My decision was conscious, and my goal was clear.
I never focused on the number of vacancies. I believed that even if there was just one seat, I would still write the exam. My decision was conscious, and my goal was clear.
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