Given two sorted arrays a[] and b[] and an element k, the task is to find the element that would be at the kth position of the combined sorted array.

*Learn - Implement - Grow - Repeat*

You are given an array with unique elements of stalls[], which denote the position of a stall. You are also given an integer k which denotes the number of aggressive cows. Your task is to assign stalls to k cows such that the minimum distance between any two of them is the maximum possible.

You are given an array arr[] of integers, where each element arr[i] represents the number of pages in the ith book. You also have an integer k representing the number of students. The task is to allocate books to each student such that:

Each student receives atleast one book.
Each student is assigned a contiguous sequence of books.
No book is assigned to more than one student.
The objective is to minimize the maximum number of pages assigned to any student. In other words, out of all possible allocations, find the arrangement where the student who receives the most pages still has the smallest possible maximum.

Note: Return -1 if a valid assignment is not possible, and allotment should be in contiguous order (see the explanation for better understanding).

Tell me about NISAR Satellite in full details

NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between NASA and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) that launched a radar-imaging satellite designed to map Earth's surface, focusing on changes over time in elevation and vegetation. Here's a detailed overview:

Purpose and Mission:
NISAR's primary goal is to study the Earth's dynamic surface processes over decades. It observes:

* Land Subsidence and Uplift: Identifying changes in land elevation due to factors like groundwater extraction, tectonic activity, and ice melt.
* Surface Deformation: Monitoring the movement of Earth's surface in regions prone to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.
* Forest and Vegetation Change: Tracking the health, growth, and change in forest cover, which are crucial indicators of climate change impacts.
* Glacier Fluctuation: Observing glacier movement, volume changes, and related effects on water resources.
* Sea Level Rise: Studying land movement and sea-level variations, which provide data needed to understand impacts.
* Landslide Analysis: Tracking landslides and evaluating the potential impacts from seismic events.
* Changes in agriculture and farming activities.


Technology:
The NISAR satellite utilizes two powerful synthetic aperture radar (SAR) instruments working in conjunction:
* NASA's SAR: Providing high-resolution imagery across a wider swath (the area of land visible) focusing on diverse areas and terrain characteristics
* ISRO's SAR: Focusing on higher sensitivity for monitoring forest and vegetation parameters, in tandem with the wider area-spanning imaging of NASA's instrument.

This combined approach allows NISAR to achieve high spatial resolution and measure subtle changes in terrain. Both instruments operate at different frequencies enabling a more comprehensive picture and better detection of different types of surface features. The dual radar system allows independent validation of observations.

Orbital Characteristics:
NISAR's orbit allows it to obtain repeated measurements of the same area. This is crucial for identifying small and localized changes over time.


Data Collection and Processing:
The radar data is collected across a wide range of wavelengths enabling better detection of features. After collection, data is then analyzed and processed by computer algorithms which allow experts to visualize change, quantify variations, and evaluate relationships. The high quality, accuracy, and resolution make this collected information highly useful for scientists and researchers involved in environmental monitoring, natural hazards analysis and other areas of study. The results and data collected are then made publicly available.

Expected Contributions and Benefits:
The data obtained by NISAR is expected to benefit numerous fields:

* Climate Change Research: Understanding the impact of climate change on various Earth surface processes.
* Natural Hazards Management: Improving disaster preparedness and response efforts.
* Water Resources Management: Optimizing water resources use and addressing drought concerns.
* Land-Use Planning: Providing more data for comprehensive, intelligent land management decisions.
* Scientific Discoveries: Contribute to a more profound understanding of global systems.

Challenges and Considerations:
NISAR, while innovative and well-suited, is subject to usual spacecraft mission risks.

* Maintenance: Precise long-term orbit control, continuous communication are crucial.
* Data Management: The enormous data sets require advanced data storage and processing solutions.

Conclusion:
The NISAR satellite mission represents a significant advance in Earth observation technologies, enabling a new era of understanding how our planet evolves and its surface dynamic responses. Its insights from surface deformation, glacier dynamics, and vegetation health promise valuable support in climate research, natural hazard assessment, and effective resource management globally.

Given a sorted array of distinct positive integers arr[], we need to find the kth positive number that is missing from arr[].

You are given a rectangular matrix mat[][] of size n x m, and your task is to return an array while traversing the matrix in spiral form.

Given a square matrix mat[][] of size n x n. The task is to rotate it by 90 degrees in an anti-clockwise direction without using any extra space.

Given a 2D integer matrix mat[][] of size n x m, where every row and column is sorted in increasing order and a number x, the task is to find whether element x is present in the matrix.

Given a row-wise sorted 2D matrix mat[][] of size n x m and an integer x, find whether element x is present in the matrix.
Note: In a row-wise sorted matrix, each row is sorted in itself, i.e. for any i, j within bounds, mat[i][j] <= mat[i][j+1].

Given a strictly sorted 2D matrix mat[][] of size n x m and a number x. Find whether the number x is present in the matrix or not.
Note: In a strictly sorted matrix, each row is sorted in strictly increasing order, and the first element of the ith row (i!=0) is greater than the last element of the (i-1)th row.

You are given a 2D matrix mat[][] of size n×m. The task is to modify the matrix such that if mat[i][j] is 0, all the elements in the i-th row and j-th column are set to 0 and do it in constant space complexity.

Given an array arr[] of positive integers and another integer target. Determine if there exists two distinct indices such that the sum of there elements is equals to target.

Given an array arr[] and an integer target. You have to find numbers of pairs in array arr[] which sums up to given target.

Given an array arr[], find all possible triplets i, j, k in the arr[] whose sum of elements is equals to zero.
Returned triplet should also be internally sorted i.e. i<j<k.

Given two integer arrays a[] and b[], you have to find the intersection of the two arrays. Intersection of two arrays is said to be elements that are common in both arrays. The intersection should not have duplicate elements and the result should contain items in any order.

Note: The driver code will sort the resulting array in increasing order before printing.

Given two arrays a[] and b[], the task is to find the number of elements in the union between these two arrays.

The Union of the two arrays can be defined as the set containing distinct elements from both arrays. If there are repetitions, then only one element occurrence should be there in the union.

Note: Elements of a[] and b[] are not necessarily distinct.

Given an array arr[] of non-negative integers. Find the length of the longest sub-sequence such that elements in the subsequence are consecutive integers, the consecutive numbers can be in any order.