Q.1828) Consider the following statements with reference to modern history.

1. Lord Cornwallis attempted to codify Muslims and Hindu laws.

2. A translation of the code in Sanskrit appeared in 1776 under the title of "Code of Gentoo laws".

Gentoo Code :

(Topic : Modern history)

👉 The Gentoo Code also known as "A Code of Gentoo Laws" or "Ordinations of the Pundits" is a legal code translated from Sanskrit (in which it was known as "Vivadabhangarnava") into Persian by Brahmin scholars; and then from Persian into English (taken by the Asiatic Society) by N.B.Halhed, a British grammarian working for the East India Company.

👉 The celebrated work of Jagannath Tarkapanchanan's  "Vivadabhangarnava" is a digest of Hindu law in 21 sections and was compiled for Warren Hastings by the pundits.

👉 The translation was funded by Warren Hastings as a method of consolidating company control on the Indian subcontinent

👉  The code is basically about the Hindu laws of inheritance (manusmriti). The pundits and maulvis were associated with judges to understand the civil laws of Hindus and muslims.

👉 This code was used in the courts of East India Company.

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📚Pant Resolution

Topic : Modern history

Pant Resolution (1939) :-

(Topic : Modern history)

* At the Haripura session of INC (1938), the unanimous election of Subhas Chandra Bose as President of the Congress strengthened the radical trend in the Congress.

* The new President was a pronounced left-winger and different from Gandhian ideology.

* Next year , during the Tripuri session of INC (1938), there was crises within the Congress. 12 members of the working Committee resigned , leaving only Nehru, Sarat Bose & Subhas Chandra Bose in the Working Committee. Jawaharlal Nehru tried to preserve the unity of the party.

* It was in this tense atmosphere that the Tripuri Congress met on 8-12 March 1939.

* On 12 March, a resolution was moved by Govind Ballabh Pant ("Pant Resolution") which reiterated its faith in Gandhian leadership and asked Bose to constitute the new Working Committee in accordance with the wishes of Gandhiji.

* The Pant Resolution was passed by 218 and 133 votes in the Subjects Committee and by an overwhelmingly majority in the open session.

* According to Subhas, the Pant Resolution was charged with the spirit of pettiness & vindictiveness.

* The Pant Resolution indeed was a vote of censure against the President which eventually led to Bose's resignation from Presidentship on 29 April 1939 at the Calcutta session of AICC.

* The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) abstained from voting on the Pant Resolution.

* Bose complained that if the CSP had voted against the Pant Resolution, it would have been certainly defeated. He called it a big "betray of CSP".

* The Tripuri Congress was a veritable Munich of the Indian left in pre - independent India.

* The "Pant Resolution" brought back the old guards of the Congress Working Committee and soon persecution & expulsion of radical elements followed.

📚 In the above video lecture, All the three RIO Conventions Topics in news are covered in a detailed manner.